Event date:
Nov 29 2021 10:00 am

mRNA-based vaccine against SARS-COV-19

Supervisor
Dr. Muhammad Afzal Dogar
Student
Ali Haider
Venue
SSE Dean Smart Lab 4th Floor
Event
MS Synopsis defense
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the SARS COV-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. Ever since the genome of SARS-COV-2 has been identified, the race of developing a vaccine has started. Since then, more than 300 vaccine projects started all over the world. 39 of them are now in clinical phase III trial. The mRNA-based vaccine hit the headlines in 2020 after the quick development of two candidates to protect against SARS-CoV-2. Two mRNA-based coronavirus vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech were directly tested in humans and quickly brought to the clinic. A large set of data from these companies have shown more than 90% efficacy of their mRNA-based vaccines. mRNA-based vaccines provide a quick, safe and long-lasting immune response in animal models and humans. However, developing mRNA vaccines in a country such as Pakistan with poor resources is still a challenge. SARS-COV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family. The genome size of SARS-COV-19 is approximately 30kb with 14 ORF. The 3’ end of the genome encodes four different structural proteins i.e. spike (S) envelope (E) membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N). The spike (S) protein has a vital role in receptor binding. By binding with the ACE2 receptor, the SARS-COV-2 infects the lung cells and activates the downstream pathway. To develop the mRNA vaccine against SARS –COV-2, different strategies can be employed, such as codon optimization, nucleoside modifications, cleavage site knockout, and proline modifications in the sequence of spike (S) protein. In this study, we aim to produce an mRNA vaccine against SARS-COV-2 by cloning the codon-optimized sequence of Spike gene along with Human β-globin UTRs under T7 promoter followed by in-vitro transcription, encapsulation in LNPs, and in-vitro studies to assess the translation efficiency of the transcript.